You will need to install a few things on your system to get Shibboleth working with Apache. This article goes over how to get Shibboleth working with Apache on Debian Systems.
Package Installation
You will need to install the Apache Shibboleth module, and the Shibboleth SP server daemon.
On a current version of Debian, or Ubuntu, this can be accomplished by running the following command:
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-shib
For further instructions, please follow the general Linux installation instructions for the Shib SP on the official Shib wiki.